FAIR is a framework for threat modeling and a standard methodology for applying Value at Risk (VaR) principles to cybersecurity and operational risk. It promotes a consistent and measurable approach to analysing and quantifying risk. FAIR approaches risk from a quantitative rather than a qualitative perspective. Traditional risk management scales that use rank or order, for example Red-Amber-Green, High-Medium-Low, or Rated 1-5, as ordinal data are qualitative in nature. FAIR provides a more precise and objective way to assess risk by focusing on numerical data, enabling better-informed decision making, and a clearer understanding of the potential financial impact. ...

Information asymmetry in financial exchanges or transactions occurs when one party has more or better information than the other. This asymmetry can create an imbalance of power in transactions, potentially leading to an unfair exchange. A prime example in Western markets is insider dealing (or insider trading), where individuals with access to material non-public information (information that could affect the price of a company’s stock) exploit their knowledge advantage for personal gain. This practice is illegal because it violates securities laws. This illegality is rooted in the unethical nature of such actions, as it breaches fiduciary duty and creates an unfair advantage. Insider trading also contributes to market inefficiency by eroding trust in the market. ...

The Information Security Forum (ISF) is an independent organization dedicated to providing practical guidance, tools, and a collaborative platform to help organizations manage and mitigate information security risks. The ISF produce a number of proprietary tools and methodologies which are available to its members. Related pages Standard of Good Practice (SOGP)

Information security (IS) management involves the implementation of policies, procedures and controls to protect an organisation’s information assets. Organisations will typically achieve this through the adoption of one or more information security frameworks, such as ISO 27001 or the NIST Cybersecurity framework. IS management is an increasingly important component in an organisation’s overall risk management programme. Key functions and roles involved typically include security policy development, incident response and vulnerability management. ...