Letter from Utopia is a 2008 essay by Nick Bostrom that explores the concept of a utopian future where humans have achieved a state of perfect well-being and happiness. The essay is written as a letter from a future person living in this utopia, describing the wonders of their world and encouraging the reader to strive towards creating such a future. Further reading Letter from Utopia, Bostrom (2008)

Machine learning book recommendations The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book by Andriy Burkov - Best machine learning overview Machine Learning For Absolute Beginners by Oliver Theobald - Best for absolute beginners Machine Learning for Hackers by Drew Conway and John Myles White - Best for programmers (who enjoy practical case studies) Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow by Geron Aurelien - Best for those who know Python Deep Learning by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio and Aaron Courville - Best book on deep learning An Introduction to Statistical Learning by Gareth James, Daniela Witten, Trevor Hastie, and Robert Tibshirani - Best for a statistics approach Programming Collective Intelligence by Toby Segaran - Best guide for practical application Fundamentals of Machine Learning for Predictive Data Analytics by John D. Kelleher, Brian Mac Namee, and Aoife D’Arcy - Best for an analytics approach Machine Learning for Humans by Vishal Maini and Samer Sabri - Best for a free resource Source: 9 Machine Learning Books for Beginners: a 2025 Guide - Coursera ...

Introduction to Markov Chains Given the present, the future is independent of the past Further reading Introducing Markov chains - Harvard Memorylessness